Your teeth are surrounded and supported by the bone of the jaw, and on top of the bone is a layer of pink tissue called gingiva. Gingivitis, or gum disease, is when this top layer of tissue becomes infected and chronically inflamed. Periodontitis, or periodontal disease, is when the infection extends from the gingival tissues to the underlying bone. This infection causes bone loss down the roots of the tooth, and it also causes the gingiva to follow it down the root. This is known as recession. Bone loss and recession due to periodontal disease is one of the leading causes of tooth loss. Plaque is the primary cause of periodontal disease. Plaque (the bacteria on teeth) is constantly forming and releasing toxins into the tissues around the teeth. This is what leads to gingivitis, and eventually periodontitis. So regular dental care is important to preventing buildup that affects the tissue and bone around the teeth. If you experience bleeding or swollen gums, gums that are receding down your teeth, bad breath or taste, loose teeth, or teeth that are changing position over time, you may have signs of periodontitis. Treatments for both gingivitis and periodontitis are provided at our office by our excellent hygienists.